Updated: Sunday March 23, 2014/AlAhad Jamada El Oula 22, 1435/Ravivara Chaitra 02, 1936, at 11:20:26 AM

The Establishment of West Pakistan Act, 1955


An Act to provide for the establishment of the Province of West Pakistan by integrating Provinces and States and for other purposes connected therewith.

No. F. 42‑1/55‑Cons., 3rd October, 1955 (Gazette, 3rd October, 1955).‑This Act passed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on the 30th September, 1955, received the asset of the Governor General on the 3rd October, 1955, and was published for general information in the Gazette, Extraordinary, dated 3rd October 1955.

It is hereby enacted as follows:---

1. Short title and commencement.‑ (I) This Act may be called the Establishment of West Pakistan Act, 1955.

(2) It shall come into force at once.

2. Integration of the Provinces and States into West Pakistan.‑(I) The Governor General shall declare by public notification that as from the date specified in such notification, hereinafter referred to as the “appointed day”. the territories which, before the appointed day, were the territories of,---

(i) the Governors’ Provinces of the Punjab, the North West Frontier and Sind,

(ii) the Chief Commissioner’s Province of Baluclttistan and the Capital of the Federation,

(iii) the States of Bahawalpur and Khairpur, and the Baluchistan States Union.

(iv) the Tribal Areas of Baluchistan, the Punjab and the North-West Frontier, and the States of Amb, Chitral, Dir and Swat (herein*after referred to as the “specified territories”), shall be incorporated into the Province of West Pakistan.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding subsection the Capital of the Federation shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of section 290A of the Government of India Act, 1935.

(3) Nothing in this Act shall authorize any change in the internal administration of the Tribal Areas of Baluchistan and the North West Frontier or the States of Amb, Chitral, Dir and Swat (hereinafter referred to as the “special areas”) except in accordance with this subsection and the following provisions shall apply to the special areas:---

(a) The executive authority of the Province of West Pakistan shall extend to any special area therein, but no Act of the Federal Legislature or of the Provincial Legislature shall apply to a special area or any part thereof unless the Governor with the previous approval of the Governor General so directs, and in giving such a direction with respect to any Act the Governor may direct that the Act shall in its application to the area, or to any specified part thereof, have effect subject to such exceptions and modifications as he thinks fit;

(b) The Governor may with the approval of the Governor General make regulations for the peace and good government of a special area or any part thereof and any regulation so made may repeal or amend any Act of the Federal Legislature or of the Provincial Legislature or any other law in force in the Area;

(c) The Governor General may give such directions to the Governor relating to any special area as he may , deem necessary and the Governor shall in the discharge of his function under this subsection, comply with such direction; and

(d) The Governor General may at any time by order direct that the whole or any part of a special area shall cease to be special area or alter the boundaries of any special area, and any such order may contain such incidental and consequential provision as appear to the Governor-General to be necessary and proper:---

Provided that before making such an order the Governor General shall ascertain, in such manner as he considers appropriate, the views of the people of the special area or areas concerned.

3. Taxes, Assets Property, Liabilities, etc. of the Capital of Federation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in sections 6 and 9 of this Act the proceeds of all taxes and other revenues payable in accordance with the laws in force immediately before the appointed day, in the Capital of the Federation shall continue to be payable to the revenues of the Federation and all property and assets which immediately before the appointed day vested in the Federal Government in respect of the Capital of the Federation shall continue to be vested in the Federal Government and all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Federal Government in respect of the Capital of the Federation shall continue to be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Federal Government.

4. Amendments of laws. As from the appointed day any reference in any Act, including the Government of India Act, 1935, and the Indian Independence Act, 1947, or in any rule, regulation, order, bye‑law or public notification to any specified territory shall be construed as a reference to the Province of West Pakistan, or as the context may indicate, to a part thereof.

5. Orders of the Governor General.‑(I) The Governor General may by order make such provision as appear to him to be necessary or expedient,---

(a) far constituting the Province of West Pakistan;

(b) for the purpose of adaptation of laws, make repeals of, omissions from, additions to and modifications of any Act (other than this Act, the Government of India Act, 1935, or the Indian Independence Act, 1947), or any Order-in-Council, Letters Patent, Ordinance or any rule, regulations, order bye-law or public notification applying immediately before the appointed day to any specified territory,

(c) for authorizing the exercise, by any person or authority specified in the Order, of any of the functions of government in any specified territory between the date of this Act and the appointed day;

(d) for other matters supplemental, and incidental to and consequential upon the establishment of the Province of West Pakistan.

(2) The Governor General may delegate any of his functions under clause (b) and (c) of subsection (1) of this section to the Governor of West Pakistan and any order of the Governor may include any matter supplemental or incidental to, or consequential upon, any provision made by such order;

Provided that the power exercisable under this section shall not extend beyond six months from the appointed day.

6. Financial provisions.‑ (1) The proceeds of all taxes and other revenues payable in accordance with the laws in force immediately before the appointed day to the revenues or the public funds of any Governor’s Province in the specified territories, or to the revenues or public funds of the State of Bahawalpur or the State of Khairpur or the Baluchistan States Union shall be payable to the revenues or public funds of the Province of West Pakistan, as the case may be.

(2) The proceeds of all taxes and other revenues payable in accordance with the laws in force immediately before the appointed day in any of the specified territories to the revenues or the public funds of the Federation but which would, if the specified territory had been a Governor’s Province, have been payable to the revenues or the public funds of the Province, shall be payable to the revenues or the public funds of the Province of West Pakistan.

(3) There shall be paid from the revenues of the Federation to the revenues of the Province of West Pakistan,---

(a) in respect of each complete financial year after the appointed day, a sum estimated by the Governor General to be the difference between the proceeds of the taxes and other revenues referred to in subsection (2) of this section in the last complete financial year before the appointed day and the expenditure of the Federation during that financial year in the specified territories to which that subsection applies in respect of functions which are by or under this Act transferred to the Province of West Pakistan; and

(b) in respect of the financial year which includes the appointed day, such proportion of the sum payable under paragraph (a) of this subsection as the Governor General thinks equitable.

(4) Pending the exercise by the Legislative Assembly of West Pakistan of the powers vested in it by sections 78 to 81 of the Government of India Act, 1935, the Governor of West Pakistan shall have power to authenticate by his signature a schedule specifying,---

(a) the sums required to meet expenditure charged upon the revenues of the Province; and

(b) the sums required to meet other expenditure proposed to be made from the revenues of the Province;

and any such schedule shall be sufficient authority for the expenditure of the sums specified therein and shall be valid for a period of not more than six months from the appointed day.

7. High Courts.‑(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, including the Government of India Act, 1935, the Governor General may by order establish a High Court for the Province of West Pakistan to replace the High Court in Lahore, the Chief Court of Sind and the Judicial Commissioners’ Courts in North West Frontier Province and Baluchistan and any other Court functioning as High Court for any other specified territories, and the High Court so established and the judges thereof shall exercise jurisdiction in relation to the whole of the Province of West Pakistan, and the powers and authority exercisable by the High Court in Lahore and the Judges thereof, immediately before the date on which the order under this subsection comes into force, shall be exercisable by the High Court of West Pakistan and the judges thereof in the whole of West Pakistan, and section 223 of the Government of India Act, 1935, shall be construed accordingly.

(2) As from. the date of the establishment of the High Court of West Pakistan under subsection (1) of this section, section 219 of the Government of India Act, 1935, shall be omitted and the following shall be substituted therefore:---

“219.‑The following Courts shall in relation to Pakistan, be deemed to be High Courts for the purposes of this Act, that is to say, the High Court of East Bengal, and the High Court of West Pakistan”.

(3) As from the date of establishment of a High Court for the Province of West Pakistan under subsection (1) of this section the Judges of the High Court of Lahore, the Judges of the Chief Court of Sind and the Judges of the Judicial Commissioner’s Court of North West Frontier province shall become Judges of the High Court of West Pakistan and the Chief Justice of the High Court of Lahore shall become the Chief Justice of the High Court of West Pakistan,---

Provided that,---

(a) a person who becomes a Judge of the High Court of West Pakistan in accordance with this subsection shall be entitled to terms and conditions of service including terms and conditions in respect of leave and pension, not less favorable than those to which he was entitled as a Judge of the High Court from which he is transferred under this subsection, and section 221 of the Government of India Act, 1935, shall be construed accordingly.

(b) any person who was immediately before the date of the order serving as a temporary or additional judge shall on that date become a temporary or additional judge, as the case may be, in the High Court of West Pakistan, and section 222 of the Government of India Act, 1935, shall be construed accordingly.

(4) An order under subsection (1) of this section shall make such provision as seems to the Governor-General to be necessary or expedient for determining the places within the Provinces of West Pakistan at which the High Court or any Judges or division thereof may sit.

8. Public Services and Public Service Commission.‑‑ (I) The Governor of West Pakistan may by order establish a Public Service Commission for the Province of West Pakistan to replace the Joint Public Service Commission for the Punjab and North‑West Frontier Province, the Public Service Commission for Sind, and any other Public Service Commission functioning as such for any other specified territory.

(2) As from the date of the establishment of the Public Service Commission for the Province of West Pakistan under subsection (1) of this section, the Chairman and members of the Joint Public Service Commission for the Punjab and North‑West Frontier Province and of the Public Service Commission for Sind shall become members of the Public Service Commission of the Province of West Pakistan;

Provided that,---

(a) Nothing in this subsection shall extend the period of service of any person transferred under this subsection; and

(b) A person transferred under this subsection shall be employed under terms and conditions not less favourable than the terms and conditions on which he was employed immediately before the appointed day.

(3) All persons in the service of the Crown, serving in connection with the affairs of the specified territories, and all persons holding civil posts under the Government of the State of Bahawalpur, or the State of Khairpur, or the Baluchistan States Union, shall, as from the appointed day, be deemed to be persons serving the Crown in connection with the affairs of the Province of West Pakistan on such terms and conditions as the Governor of the Province of West Pakistan may determine;

Provided that,---

(a) such terms and conditions shall not be less favourable than the terms and conditions admissible to them immediately before the 10th day of August, 1955; and

(b) notwithstanding the terms of his appointment in the specified territory, any such person may be required to serve in any post or capacity and in any part of West Pakistan.

9. Transfer of property, liabilities, etc.‑(1) All property and assets which immediately before the appointed day were vested in Her Majesty for purposes of the Government of any Governor’s Province included in the specified territories or in the Ruler of any State so included for the purposes of the government of that State shall vest in Her Majesty for the purpose of the government of West Pakistan : and the rights, liabilities and obligations of any such province or State shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Province of West Pakistan.

(2) The Governor‑General may by order declare that any property and assets which immediately before the appointed day were vested in Her Majesty for the purposes of the government of any other specified territory shall vest in Her Majesty for the purposes of the government of West Pakistan and that any of the rights, liabilities and obligations of any such territory shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Province of West Pakistan.

(3) The provisions of subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any property or assets recognized by the Governor‑General as the private property of the Ruler of a State.

10. Continuation of laws.‑(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, and subject to any order of the Governor‑General under section 5 of this Act, and to the powers of any competent Legislature, all laws in force in West Pakistan immediately before the appointed day shall continue to apply to the areas and the persons to whom they would have applied if this Act had not been passed.

(2) For the purposes of this section “law” includes any Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, any law passed by a competent Legislature in India or Pakistan, and any Order‑in‑Council, Letters Patent, ordinance, order, regulation, rule, bye‑law or public notification made or issued by a competent authority.

(3) For the purpose of bringing the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935, into accord with the provisions of this Act, the Government of India Act, 1935, shall as from the appointed day be amended in accordance with the provisions of the First Schedule to this Act.

11. Interim Legislature for West Pakistan.‑(I) Notwithstanding anything in the Government of India Act, 1935, there shall be, until a Provincial Legislature is constituted for West Pakistan in accordance with that Act, an Interim Provincial Legislature for West Pakistan consisting of the Governor of West Pakistan and a Legislature Assembly which shall be composed of three hundred and ten members as provided in the Second Schedule to this Act:---

Provided that the Interim Legislature shall, unless dissolved earlier in accordance with the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935, or for the purpose of enforcement of the new Constitution to be framed by the Constituent Assembly, stand dissolved on the expiration of eighteen months from the date of the commencement of this Act.

(2) A person shall be qualified for election to the Legislative Assembly constituted under this section if he is,---

(a) a citizen of Pakistan;

(b) twenty‑five years of age;

(c) resident in West Pakistan; and

(d) not disqualified for being chosen as a member of a Provincial Legislative Assembly by section 79 of the Government of India Act, 1935.

(3) for the purposes of each election at the general election, the Governor of West Pakistan shall appoint a Returning officer who shall conduct the election in accordance with the provisions of this Act;

Provided that for the purpose of first general election to the Interim Provincial Legislature the Returning Officer shall be appointed by the Governor-General.

(4) An election under this section shall be held on a day and at a place and time fixed by the Governor of West Pakistan;

Provided that for the purpose of the first general election to the interim Provincial Legislature the date, place and time shall be fixed by the Governor-General.

(5) The Interim Provincial Legislature may by law make provision for the filling of casual vacancies.

(6) The provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935, shall apply to the Interim Provincial Legislature established under this Act as they apply to a Provincial Legislature under section 60 of the Government of India Act, 1935;

Provided that,---

(a) the composition of the Legislative Assembly shall be such as is specified in this section; and

(b) the Fifth and Sixth Schedules to that Act shall not apply.

(7) On the appointing day the Legislative Assemblies of the Pro*vinces of the Punjab, the North‑West Frontier Province and Sind, and the Legislative Assembly of the State of Khairpur, shall cease to exist, and the persons holding offices as Minister, Parliamentary Secretary, Private Parliamentary Secretary or Speaker or Deputy Speaker of such Legislative Assembly shall cease to hold such offices;

Provided that the first meeting of the Interim Provincial Legislature shall be held within sixty days of the completion of the elections.

12. Disputes relating to election to Interim Legislature of West Pakistan.‑‑(1) If any doubt or dispute arises as to whether a person has or has not been validly elected to the Legislative Assembly constituted under section 11 of this Act, it shall be raised by a petition to the Governor of West Pakistan and if,---

(a) the petition is received by the Governor within a period of thirty days after the publication of the result of the election in the official Gazette; and

(b) before or at the same time as the petition is received by the Governor the petitioner has deposited in a treasury of the Government of West Pakistan the sum of rupees one thousand in cash as security for the cost of the investigation;

the Governor shall appoint a tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the “tribunal”) in accordance with the provision of subsection (2) of this section.

(2) The tribunal shall consist of a chairman who shall be or has been a Judge of a High Court and of two other persons who, shall be or have been District and Sessions Judges in Pakistan, and shall be set up within six weeks of the receipt of the petition by the Governor.

(3) The tribunal shall have all such powers of a High Court as it may deem necessary to investigate the question including the powers to enforce the attendance of witnesses and the production of documents, and shall decide its own procedure.

(4) For the purpose of investigation and decision of doubts and disputes the provisions of the Government of India (Provincial Elections) (Corrupt Practices and Election Petitions) Order, 1936, and of Part E of the Punjab Legislative Assembly Electoral Rules, 1950, relating to Corrupt Practices and the Final Decision of Doubts and disputes as to the validity of an Election, shall apply with such modifications as the context may require.

(5) The tribunal shall report to the Governor on the question sub*mitted to it, and the Governor shall make such consequential order as to him seems necessary to give effect to the report, and any such order shall be final and shall not be questioned in any Court.

(6) The validity of an election under section 1 I of this Act shall not be questioned in any Court.

13. Filling of casual vacancies in the Constituent Assembly.‑(I) For section 8 of the Constituent Assembly (Proceedings and Privileges) Act, 1955 the following provision shall as from the appointed day be substituted,---

“8. Whenever the seat of a member of the Assembly becomes vacant the Speaker of the Assembly shall within seven days of the vancy give notice thereof in the official Gazette and as soon as may be reason*ably practicable thereafter the Governor of East Bengal, or the Governor of West Pakistan, as the case my be, shall take steps to fill the vacancy, and shall appoint a returning officer, who shall conduct the election in accordance with the rules in the Schedule to this Act”.

(2) For the purposes of an election to fill a casual vacancy to which subsection (2) of section 8 of the Constituent Assembly (Proceedings and Privileges) Act, 1955, applies, the following amendments shall as from the appointed day be made in the Schedule to that Act, that is to say,---

(a) In rule 2, the words “in the case of fast Bengal, the Punjab the North‑West Frontier Province and Sind”, shall be omitted;

(b) Rule 3 shall be omitted.

(c )In the rule 4, the words “ or rules” shall be omitted.

(d) In rule 10, the words “or the Chief Commissioner, as the case may be” shall be omitted.

14. Forty per cent. representation of Punjab.‑For a period of ten years from the commencement of this Act, the number of persons elected to represent the territory which immediately before the commencement of this Act constituted the Province of Punjab shall not be more than forty per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislature of the Province of West Pakistan.

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